I have shared the following details with Wolfram's customer support and hope to get a reply from them. With help from a “Microsoft 365 Support Ambassador”, the Windows “Event Viewer” revealed a fault between Mathematica and micaut.dll (in folder C:\Program Files\Common Files\microsoft shared\ink). Mathematica from installs but does not run on the Surface Pro X, likely due to its SQ1 processor. I am posting this question in case someone can see how Wolfram and/or Microsoft can get Mathematica to run on the Surface Pro X.